# Summary: Electrostatics in Free Space

A brief summary of the basic equations for electrostatics in empty space Dielectric constant: $latex \epsilon_0=8.854*10^{-12} ~C^2N^{-1}m^{-2}$ Electron charge: $latex e=1.6*10^{-19}~C$ Coulomb's law of attraction: $latex \vec{F}=\frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_0}\frac{q_1q_2}{r_{12}^2}\hat{r}=k_0\frac{q_1q_2}{r_{12}^2}\hat{r}= k_0\frac{q_1q_2}{r_{12}^3}\vec{r}$ Electrostatic field: $latex \vec{E} = \frac{1}{q}\vec{F}$ Flux of the electrostatic field: $latex \Phi_S(\vec{E}) = \int \vec{E}\cdot \hat{n}dS=\int_S \vec{E}\cdot\vec{dS}$ Gauss' theorem:  \$latex \Phi_S(\vec{E}) = \int … Continue reading Summary: Electrostatics in Free Space

# A Brief History of Entropy pt. 3 – Disorder

Still, something was just not right. Dalton's atomic theory was ridiculed by the Academics who refused to believe in the existence of such tiny particles, impossible to disintegrate and impossible to observe. Or are they? A Checkmate to Caloric Fluid What is heat, exactly? In 1777 Antoine Lavoisier proposed the idea, based on his experimental results, … Continue reading A Brief History of Entropy pt. 3 – Disorder